Micropropagation of potato seed tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) under in vitro conditions

In this paper the results of influence of phytohormone gibberellic acid GA3 on sprout formation in in vivo conditions and in vitro microtuberization of the potato varieties Agria, Agata, Sunshine, Ultra and Marabel are presented. The tubers from all varieties utilized in the experiment were certified potato seed tuber material. The experiment in in vitro conditions was established on sprout explants and nodal segment explants on the MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) with addition of different combination and concentration of auxins and cytokines. Microtuberization was stimulated by rising the concentration of sucrose in MS medium from 40g/l to 60 g/l and 80g/l, respectively. The in vivo tuber treatment with 30mg/l GA3 was the most effective treatment for all potato varieties in proliferation of sprouts. All tubers that were treated with GA3 resulted in de novo sprouting of tubers. The variety Agata resulted with 100% of microtuberization from nodal segment explants on MS medium supplied with 40g/l and 80g/l sucrose. Microtuberization of the variety Sunshine was stimulated with addition of 80 g/l sucrose in MS medium. The developed microtubers were detached from the nodal segments and subcultured on new MS medium supplied with BAP 4mg/l, KIN 4mg/l and 8% of sucrose to increase their weight

Евалуација на квалитетот на ејакулат кај младите мажи во Република Северна Македонија

Research data show that in the last 50 years (1938-1991) there has been a trend of decreasing sperm concentration in the male population in Europe by 2.3% and in the USA by 0.8%. The reasons for such negative trend are not known, but it is assumed that lifestyle and environmental factors have an influence on genetic factors. Aim of this study was to evaluate sperm quality in young, healthy men in our country, and to compare sperm quality in our population with others in the world. Material and methods: Ejaculates from 203 healthy male subjects, aged 18-32, were stored in a thermostat at 36⁰C and analyzed manually on a native slide and hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides, under a phase contrast microscope. Sperm motility was assessed at two-time intervals, group A, 60 minutes after ejaculation and group B, 120 minutes after ejaculation, while sperm concentration and sperm morphology were assessed at one time interval. Results: Semen analysis showed an average volume of ejaculate 3.45 ± 1.5 ml, sperm concentration in 1 milliliter62.4 ± 39.2 x10(6) /ml, while total sperm concentration was 211.2 ± 173.2 x10(6). In group A, values for progressive spermatozoa were 48.6 ± 18.1 x10(6) /ml and in group B, values for progressive spermatozoa were 47.9 ± 17.3 x10(6) /ml. There was no statistically significant difference between the two time intervals (group A and group B) when interpreting sperm motility, p>0.005. Analysis of morphology of spermatozoa showed a mean value of 6.9% for morphologically normal spermatozoa. Conclusion: The quality of ejaculate in young men in North Macedonia is in the range of reference values according to WHO, and also our results are similar to those from Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria, Faroe Islands.Истражувачките податоци покажуваат дека во последните 50 години (1938-1991) постои тренд на намалување на концентрацијата на сперматозоиди кај машката популација во Европа за 2,3% и во САД за 0,8%. Причините за ваквиот негативен тренд не се познати, но се претпоставува дека начинот на живот и факторите на околината имааt влијаниe врз генетските фактори. Целта на оваа студија беше да се оцени квалитетот на ејакулатот кај млади, здрави мажи во нашата земја, за да можеме да го споредиме квалитетот на ејакулатот кај нашата популација со другите популации во светот. Материјал и методи: Ејакулите од 203 здрави машки испитаници, на возраст од 18-32 години, беа складирани во термостат на 36⁰C и рачно анализирани на нативен препарати препарати обоени со хематоксилин/еозин, под фазно-контрастен микроскоп. Подвижноста на сперматозоидите беше проценета во два временски интервала, група А, 60 минути по ејакулацијата и група Б, 120 минути по ејакулацијата, додека концентрацијата и морфологијата на сперматозоиди беа анализирани во еден временски интервал.  Резултати: Анализата на ејакулатите покажа просечен волумен на ејакулатот 3,45 ± 1,5 ml, концентрација на сперматозоиди во 1 милитар 62,4 ± 39,2 x10 (6) / ml, додека вкупната концентрација на сперматозоиди беше 211,2 ± 173,2 x10 (6). Во групата А, вредностите за прогресивни сперматозоиди беа 48,6 ± 18,1 x10 (6) /ml, во групата Б, вредностите за прогресивни сперматозоиди беа 47,9 ± 17,3 x10 (6) /ml. Немаше статистички значајна разлика помеѓу двата временски интервала (група А и група Б) при интерпретација на подвижноста на сперматозоидите, p>0,005. Анализата на морфологијата на сперматозоидите покажа вредност од 6,9% за присуство на морфолошки нормални сперматозоиди. Заклучок: Квалитетот на ејакулатот кај младите мажи во Северна Македонија е во опсегот на референтните вредности според СЗО. Нашите резултати се слични на оние од Германија, Турција, Бугарија, Фарските Острови

Histological Characteristics of Bruises with Different Age

BACKGROUND: In forensics bruises as injuries take an important part in the interpretation of the causes of death. Since activating the inflammatory response of the body in their formation, histological analysis of the bruised tissue can provide data on the determination the time when the injury occurred.AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the histological features of 1-day and 5-days old bruises.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bruised human skin samples, 1-day old in group A and 5-day-old in group B, obtained at autopsy from individuals who died from a violent death, were analyzed in this study. The qualitative microscopic analysis was performed on serial paraffin sections of tissues stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Pearls Prussian Blue method, using a light microscope connected to a digital camera.RESULTS: Qualitative histological analysis of the studied group A  presented with fresh bruises, less than 24 hours old, showed ruptured smaller vessels and extravasated red blood cells in the connective tissue of the skin, with subsequent expansion and infiltration of fibrous septa of the skin. In the area of bleeding an initial infiltration by macrophages was observed. In the studied group B, presented with bruises 3-7 days old, histological analysis showed a marked presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages and presence of hematoidin granules in the area of bleeding, as well as ruptured small blood vessels and red blood cells extravasation in the dilated fibrous septa.CONCLUSION: A detailed analysis of tissue changes in bruises every day from the initiation until their recovery, a detailed description of the histological finding can be given, which will be supported in the precise determination of the age of the injuries themselves

Optimization of rapid and simple HPLC-DAD method for analysis of glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine in potatoes

A simple and rapid HPLC-DAD method has been developed for separation of glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine in potatoes. Several HPLC method variables have been tested, including series of mobile phases with different amount of organic modifier acetonitrile in the mobile phase, the effect of buffer concentration and pH, as well as the effect of temperature and flow rate on the retention and resolution of the analysed analytes. Separation of solanine and chaconine was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack GIST C18 column (250 mm × 4 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size). Satisfactory resolution and relatively short analysis time were obtained when separation was performed at ambient temperature with isocratic elution, using the optimal mobile phase consisting of 30 % (v/v) acetonitrile and 70 % KH2PO4 with concentration of 20 mM and pH 6,57. The flow rate on the mobile phase was 1 mL/min and detection of solanine and chaconine was performed on a wavelength of 204 nm

Does eating family meals and having the television on during dinner correlate with overweight? A sub-study of the PRO GREENS project, looking at children from nine European countries.

European Commission’s Programme of Community Action in the Field of Public Health 2003–2008 (Original Contract No. 007324) The Research Fund of the University of Iceland, Axson Johnson Foundation in Sweden, JuhoVainio Foundation in FinlandFamily meals have been negatively associated with overweight in children, while television (TV) viewing during meals has been associated with a poorer diet. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of eating family breakfast and dinner, and having a TV on during dinner, with overweight in nine European countries and whether these associations differed between Northern and Southern & Eastern Europe.Cross-sectional data. Schoolchildren reported family meals and TV viewing. BMI was based on parental reports on height and weight of their children. Cut-off points for overweight by the International Obesity Task Force were used. Logistic regressions were performed adjusted by age, gender and parental education.Schools in Northern European (Sweden, the Netherlands, Iceland, Germany and Finland) and Southern & Eastern European (Portugal, Greece, Bulgaria and Slovenia) countries, participating in the PRO GREENS project.Children aged 10-12 years in (n 6316).In the sample, 21 % of the children were overweight, from 35 % in Greece to 10 % in the Netherlands. Only a few associations were found between family meals and TV viewing during dinner with overweight in the nine countries. Northern European children, compared with other regions, were significantly more likely to be overweight if they had fewer family breakfasts and more often viewed TV during dinner.The associations between family meals and TV viewing during dinner with overweight were few and showed significance only in Northern Europe. Differences in foods consumed during family meals and in health-related lifestyles between Northern and Southern & Eastern Europe may explain these discrepancies.1 Folkhälsan Research Center, Paasikivenkatu 4, 00250 Helsinki, Finland. 23 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 34 Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 45 EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and the Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 56 Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Unit for International Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Nutrition, Environmental Sciences and Home Economics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. 67Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 78 Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. 810 National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 911 National Center for Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in people with cystic fibrosis in Europe between February and June 2020

Background Viral infections can cause significant morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic could therefore have a serious impact on the health of people with CF (pwCF). Methods We used the 38-country European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) to collect case data about pwCF and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Up to 30 June 2020, 16 countries reported 130 SARS-CoV-2 cases in people with CF, yielding an incidence of 2.70/1000 pwCF. Incidence was higher in lung-transplanted patients (n=23) versus non-transplanted patients (n=107) (8.43 versus 2.36 cases/1000). Incidence was higher in pwCF versus the age-matched general population in the age groups <15, 15-24, and 25-49 years (p<0.001), with similar trends for pwCF with and without lung transplant. Compared to the general population, pwCF (regardless of transplantation status) had significantly higher rates of admission to hospital for all age groups with available data, and higher rates of intensive care, although not statistically significant. Most pwCF recovered (96.2%), however 5 died, of whom 3 were lung transplant recipients. The case fatality rate for pwCF (3.85%, 95% CI: 1.26-8.75) was non-significantly lower than that of the general population (7.46%; p=0.133). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in severe illness and death for pwCF, even for younger patients and especially for lung transplant recipients. PwCF should continue to shield from infection and should be prioritized for vaccination

Motivation for achieving succes in school

The defining ofthe term success in the primary education implies an aspiration or a wish for achieving certain standards ofsuccess. The role ofa teacher is developing pupil s initiative, and in order to achieve that, certain issues need to be placed in front of him/her which will lead to the solution. Developing the sensibility for an excellent success is one of the factors, but the teacher needs to set it as a pleasure, happiness. Inducement and Joy in order to be achieved. The teacher needs /0 indicate to the pupils not to study jar grades but to be able to use the knowledge within the whole school/year. The grade should be an important but not a determining factor in the educational process. Therefore, teaching the pupil to be prepared to accept the responsibility for its success and failure is considered one of the leading pi/lairs in the educational process

Можности на интеркултуралното воспитание

Интеркултуралната комуникација се однесува не само на комуникацијата помеѓу индивидуаите на различни култури и културни определувања, туку и на комуникациите помеѓу групите на различни културни определувања. Според тоа, колку повеќе учиме за другите народи на различни култури, толку повеќе откриваме за себе си, што резултира со самопочитување и толеранција на разликите помеѓу луѓето. Тоа од нас прави многу поинтелигентен комуникатор во мултикултурните односи. Во интеркултурната комуникација учиме за другиот, но учиме и од другиот. Откриваме вредности од другата култура кои во корелација со нашата култура и култура на лично однесување наоѓаат соодветно место во изградување или подигање на нивото на нашето интеркултурно воспитание. Но, се поставува прашањето кои се можностите и границите на интеркултурното воспитание? Клучни зборови: мултикултура, образование, воспитание, настава, толеранциј